Nail diseases encompass a variety of conditions that affect the nails, including infections, inflammatory disorders, and structural abnormalities. Here’s an overview of some common nail diseases and their characteristics:

1. Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)

• Causes: Fungal organisms (dermatophytes, yeasts) infecting the nail bed or nail plate.
• Symptoms: Thickened, discolored (yellowish-brown), brittle nails; may have a foul odor.

2. Bacterial Infections

• Causes: Bacteria entering through cuts or trauma to the nail.
• Symptoms: Pain, swelling, redness around the nail (paronychia), pus-filled abscesses.

3. Psoriasis of the Nails (Psoriatic Nails)

• Causes: Autoimmune disorder affecting the skin and nails.
• Symptoms: Pitting (small dents), discoloration (yellow-brown), thickening, crumbling of nails.

4. Nail Lichen Planus

• Causes: Inflammatory skin condition affecting the nails.
• Symptoms: Thin ridges or grooves, splitting or thinning of nails, pitting, nail loss.

5. Ingrown Toenails (Onychocryptosis)

• Causes: Nail edge growing into the surrounding skin, often due to improper nail trimming or tight shoes.
• Symptoms: Pain, redness, swelling around the nail, possible infection.

For persistent or severe nail problems, it’s important to consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. They can provide tailored recommendations to manage and improve the health of your nails effectively.