Melasma and hyperpigmentation are common skin conditions characterized by dark patches or discoloration on the skin. Understanding their causes and treatment options can help manage and reduce their appearance effectively.

Melasma

Definition: Melasma is a common skin condition that causes brown to gray-brown patches, usually on the face. It primarily affects women and is often associated with hormonal changes and sun exposure.

Causes:

• Hormonal Factors: Pregnancy, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy.
• Sun Exposure: UV radiation stimulates melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), worsening pigmentation.
• Genetic Predisposition: Family history of melasma can increase susceptibility.

Hyperpigmentation (General)

Definition: Refers to darkening of the skin due to excess melanin production, resulting in patches or spots that can vary in size and color intensity.

Causes:

• Sun Exposure: UV rays stimulate melanocytes.
• Inflammation: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) after acne, eczema, or other skin injuries.
• Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, oral contraceptives, hormonal therapies.
• Skin Conditions: Dermatitis, psoriasis, certain medications.

Managing melasma and hyperpigmentation involves a multifaceted approach combining sun protection, topical treatments, and possibly procedural interventions based on individual skin type and severity of the condition. Working closely with a skincare specialist ensures a tailored plan for achieving clearer, more even-toned skin.